Orchids are the common name for Orchidaceous species. Orchidaceae are one of the biggest families of flowering plants with more than 26,000 species in some 750 genera worldwide. About 1,388 species within 194 genera were distributed in China. Orchids have important ecological value, especially through their co-evolution with insects. Orchids also have important ornamental and medicinal value. Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Cattleya, Paphiopedilum, and Vanda are popular horticultural plants in markets, while the genera such as Dendrobium, Bletilla, Gastrodiae are important traditional medicinal herbs. However, wild orchids are threatened by habitat destruction and over-collection for medicine and horticulture. All orchids are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) Appendices Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The Garden focuses on the collection of orchids from the tropical and subtropical areas, especially southern and southwestern China, and more than 400 species are mainly conserved in the greenhouse of the Conservation Center, Shade Garden and the Orchid and Butterfly Valley.